When RingCT is enabled, outputs from coinbase transactions
are created as a single output, and stored as RingCT output,
with a fake mask. Their amount is not hidden on the blockchain
itself, but they are then able to be used as fake inputs in
a RingCT ring. Since the output amounts are hidden, their
"dustiness" is not an obstacle anymore to mixing, and this
makes the coinbase transactions a lot smaller, as well as
helping the TXO set to grow more slowly.
Also add a new "Null" type of rct signature, which decreases
the size required when no signatures are to be stored, as
in a coinbase tx.
This allows the key to be not the same for two outputs sent to
the same address (eg, if you pay yourself, and also get change
back). Also remove the key amounts lists and return parameters
since we don't actually generate random ones, so we don't need
to save them as we can recalculate them when needed if we have
the correct keys.
The whole rct data apart from the MLSAGs is now included in
the signed message, to avoid malleability issues.
Instead of passing the data that's not serialized as extra
parameters to the verification API, the transaction is modified
to fill all that information. This means the transaction can
not be const anymore, but it cleaner in other ways.
Since these are needed at the same time as the output pubkeys,
this is a whole lot faster, and takes less space. Only outputs
of 0 amount store the commitment. When reading other outputs,
a fake commitment is regenerated on the fly. This avoids having
to rewrite the database to add space for fake commitments for
existing outputs.
This code relies on two things:
- LMDB must support fixed size records per key, rather than
per database (ie, all records on key 0 are the same size, all
records for non 0 keys are same size, but records from key 0
and non 0 keys do have different sizes).
- the commitment must be directly after the rest of the data
in outkey and output_data_t.
The mixRing (output keys and commitments) and II fields (key images)
can be reconstructed from vin data.
This saves some modest amount of space in the tx.
It may be suboptimal, but it's a pain to have to rebuild everything
when some of this changes.
Also, no clue why there seems to be two different code paths for
serializing a tx...
This plugs a privacy leak from the wallet to the daemon,
as the daemon could previously see what input is included
as a transaction input, which the daemon hadn't previously
supplied. Now, the wallet requests a particular set of
outputs, including the real one.
This can result in transactions that can't be accepted if
the wallet happens to select too many outputs with non standard
unlock times. The daemon could know this and select another
output, but the wallet is blind to it. It's currently very
unlikely since I don't think anything uses non default
unlock times. The wallet requests more outputs than necessary
so it can use spares if any of the returns outputs are still
locked. If there are not enough spares to reach the desired
mixin, the transaction will fail.
This constrains the number of instances of any amount
to the unlocked ones (as defined by the default unlock time
setting: outputs with non default unlock time are not
considered, so may be counted as unlocked even if they are
not actually unlocked).
The tests for rejection of unmixable outputs in v2 are commented out,
as there are no unmixable outputs created anymore. This should be
restored at some point.
It sets the max number of threads to use for a parallel job.
This is different that the number of total threads, since monero
binaries typically start a lot of them.
When reaching the tail emission phase, the amount of coins will
eventually go over MONEY_SUPPLY, overflowing 64 bits. There was
a check added to blockchain_storage, but this was not ported to
the blockchain DB version.
Reported by smooth.
This can generate non decomposed outputs for very large block
rewards (or not so large ones if a miner decides to not quantize
the block rewards). Out of an abundance of caution, we refuse
to generate those. They are still accepted by the consensus code,
however.
d5d46e6 tests: obligatory hardfork unit build fix after interface change (moneromooo-monero)
25672d3 wallet: pass std::function by const ref, not value (moneromooo-monero)
0be6e08 wallet: do not leak owned amounts to the daemon unless --trusted-daemon (moneromooo-monero)
12146da wallet: change sweep_dust to sweep_unmixable (moneromooo-monero)
600a3cf New RPC and daemon command to get output histogram (moneromooo-monero)
f9a2fd2 wallet: handle rare case where fee adjustment can bump to the next kB (moneromooo-monero)
f26651a wallet: factor fee calculation (moneromooo-monero)
This allows appropriate action to be taken, like displaying
the reason to the user.
Do just that in simplewallet, which should help a lot in
determining why users fail to send.
Also make it so a tx which is accepted but not relayed is
seen as a success rather than a failure.
This is a list of existing output amounts along with the number
of outputs of that amount in the blockchain.
The daemon command takes:
- no parameters: all outputs with at least 3 instances
- one parameter: all outputs with at least that many instances
- two parameters: all outputs within that many instances
The default starts at 3 to avoid massive spamming of all dust
outputs in the blockchain, and is the current minimum mixin
requirement.
An optional vector of amounts may be passed, to request
histogram only for those outputs.
This was meant to go in v2, but the miner tx slipped through
the cracks as it doesn't go through the main tx verification
since it doesn't get added to the pool.
tx_pool.h doxygen documentation completed.
Many notes made on areas for improvement, be that functionality or
code clarity.
Commented code and unused code removed.
The functions in src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.{h,cpp} should
be member functions of the checkpoints class, if nothing else for the
sake of keeping their documentation together.
This commit covers moving those functions to be member functions of the
checkpoints class as well as documenting those functions.
All functions in src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints.h are now documented in
doxygen style.
checkpoints.cpp has been reviewed, one function has been marked for
discussion on correctness.
All functions are now documented in doxygen format. Comments have been
updated to reflect the current state of the code. Many areas for
improvement in clarity and design have been noted, as well as cruft to
be removed. These changes are not reflected in this commit both to
allow time for comment and to keep commits organized by purpose.
This is already the default for the daemon, but by checking a command
line argument and calling a Blockchain member function setter.
Initialize the variable to false so it's not dependent on an external
command-line argument check. This allows utilities like
blockchain_import to have a reasonable default without code changes.
c2a1fee simplewallet: prompt for private keys when generating wallets (moneromooo-monero)
4513b4c simplewallet: add a new --restore-from-keys option (moneromooo-monero)
We also replace the --fakechain option with an optional structure
containing details about configuration for the core/blockchain,
for test purposes. This seems more future friendly.
7658ac0 blockchain: revert handle_get_objects adding block id on tx not found (moneromooo-monero)
3a0f4d8 berkeleydb: fix delete/free mismatch (moneromooo-monero)
1642be2 minor bugfixes and refactoring (Thomas Winget)
098dcf2 unit_tests: fix mnemonics unit test testing invalid seeds (moneromooo-monero)
Locking just one db turns out to not have been a good idea, since
the pool and p2p state fdles have to be used anyway.
Also ensure the directory exists before tring to lock.
- Blockchain should store if it's running on testnet or not
- moved loading compiled-in block hashes to its own function for clarity
- on handle_get_objects, should now correctly return false if a block's
transactions are missing
- replace instances of BOOST_FOREACH with C++11 for loops in Blockchain.
7fc6fa3 wallet: forbid dust altogether in output selection where appropriate (moneromooo-monero)
5e1a739 blockchain: log number of outputs available for a new tx (moneromooo-monero)
bcac101 daemon: fix a few issues reported by valgrind (moneromooo-monero)
a7e8174 tx_pool: fix serialization of new relayed data (moneromooo-monero)
601ad76 hardfork: fix mixup in indexing variable in get_voting_info (moneromooo-monero)
444e22f blockchain: remove unused timer (moneromooo-monero)
7edfdd8 blockchain: fix m_sync_counter uninitialized variable use (moneromooo-monero)
d97582c epee: use generate_random_bytes for new random uuids (moneromooo-monero)
17c7c9c epee: remove dodgy random code that nobody uses (moneromooo-monero)
A boost lock is used to determine whether more than one process
wants to access the database. The boost file_lock doesn't seem
to like locking directories, so we use an arbitrary file in it.
This allows to still run two daemons if they have different
database directories (ie, LMDB/BDB, different data directories).
This is intended to avoid cases where a timed out tx will be
re-relayed by another peer for which it has not timed out yet,
which would cause the tx to stay in the network's pool for a
long time (until all peers time it out before another one
tries to relay it again).
This ensures this will be done without fail, as the error prone
matching of every return with a call to KILL_IOSERVICE leads to
hard to debug corruption when one is missing.
- only try to stop if actually started
- print number of threads before zeroing it
This fixes the suspiciously doubled "Mining has been stopped"
message on exit.
b39aae7 Tweak 45800a25e9 (hyc)
4a5a5ff blockchain: always stop the ioservice before returning (moneromooo-monero)
78b65cf db_lmdb: safety close db at exit (moneromooo-monero)
45800a2 db_lmdb: fix a strdup/delete[] mistmatch (moneromooo-monero)
If the block reward was too high, the verification failed flag
was set, but the function continued. The code which was supposed
to trap this flag and return failure failed to trap it, and,
while the block was not added to the chain, the function would
return success.
The reason for avoiding returning when the block reward problem
was detected was to be able to return any transactions to the
pool if needed. This is now mooted by moving the transaction
return code to a separate function, which is now called at all
appropriate points, making the logic much simpler, and hopefully
correct now.
We also move the hard fork version check after the prev_id check,
as block which does not go on the top of the chain might not
have the expected version there, without being invalid just for
this reason.
Last, we trap the case where a block fails to be added due to
using already spent key images, to set the verification failed
flag.
This fixes some double spending tests.
This may or may not be unneeded in normal (non test) circumstances,
to be determined later. Keeping these for now may be slower, but safer.
Block reward may now be less than the full amount allowed.
This was breaking the bitflipping test.
We now keep track of whether a block which was accepted by the core
has a lower than allowed block reward, and allow this in the test.
The check was explicit in the original version, so it seems
safer to make it explicit here, especially as it is now done
implicitely in a different place, away from the original check.
The core tests use the blockchain, and reset it to be able
to add test data to it. This does not play nice with the
databases, since those will save that data without an explicit
save call.
We add a fakechain flag that the tests will set, which tells
the core and blockchain code to use a separate database, as
well as skip a few things like checkpoints and fixup, which
only make sense for real data.
This fixes coretests, which does not register daemon specific arguments,
but uses core, which uses those arguments. Also gets rid of an unwanted
dependency on daemon code from core.
Early DB versions did not store key images for inputs if the
transaction spending them had no outputs (ie, all fee). This
is not correct, as this would allow these outputs to be double
spent. This was fixed in 533acc30ed
a few months ago, but databases having synced blocks 2021612 and
685498 with a faulty version will be missing those key images
in the spent keys database. This code checks for this, and adds
those key images if they are missing.
This allows them to be saved as a fixed (one byte) chunk whatever
the value. Using a varint will use two bytes as the high bit gets
set.
This is backward compatible with current usage (0-2 values).
d887c18 hardfork: fix more major/minor issues (moneromooo-monero)
3b47ca2 hardfork: fix rescan on load (moneromooo-monero)
4cea2b1 Add IP blocking for misbehaving nodes (adapted from Boolberry) (Javier Smooth)
9c64b12 quiet down p2p logging a bit (Javier Smooth)
53c75ab blockchain: log versions as numbers, not characters (moneromooo-monero)
edade8d hardfork: fix actual/voting confusion (moneromooo-monero)
Also add some more tests, and rename some instances of
"version" and "add" for clarity.
NOTE: the starting height values are sometimes wrong.
I suspect this is due to the hard fork reorg code being
buggy, since they're good when syncing after the fact.
However, they're not actually used by the consensus code,
so I'm ignoring this for now, but this needs debugging.
The last relayed time of a transaction is maintained, and
transactions will be relayed again if they are still in the
pool after a certain amount of time, which increases with
the transaction's age. All such transactions are resent,
whether or not they originated on the local node.
Use the correct block time for realtime fuzz on locktime
Use the correct block time to calculate next_difficulty on alt chains (will not work as-is with voting)
Lock unit tests to original block time for now
43bca0d blockchain_utilities: new blockchain_dump diagnostic tool (moneromooo-monero)
5f397e4 Add functions to iterate through blocks, txes, outputs, key images (moneromooo-monero)
0a5a5e8 db_bdb: record numbers for recno databases start at 1 (moneromooo-monero)
50dfdc0 db_bdb: DB_KEYEMPTY is also not found for non-top recon fields (moneromooo-monero)
572780e blockchain_db: use the DNE exceptions where appropriate (moneromooo-monero)
The wallet and the daemon applied different height considerations
when selecting outputs to use. This can leak information on which
input in a ring signature is the real one.
Found and originally fixed by smooth on Aeon.
Using major version would cause older daemons to reject those
blocks as they fail to deserialize blocks with a major version
which is not 1. There is no such restriction on the minor
version, so switching allows older daemons to coexist with
newer ones till the actual fork date, when most will hopefully
have updated already.
Also, for the same reason, we consider a vote for 0 to be a
vote for 1, since older daemons set minor version to 0.
This allows knowing the hard fork a block must obey in order to be
added to the blockchain. The previous semantics would use that new
block's version vote to determine this hard fork, which made it
impossible to use the rules to validate transactions entering the
tx pool (and made it impossible to validate a block before adding
it to the blockchain).
The height function apparently used to return the index of
the last block, rather than the height of the chain. This now
seems to be incorrect, judging the the code, so we remove the
now wrong comment, as well as a couple +/- 1 adjustments
which now cause the median calculation to differ from the
original blockchain_storage version.
It was only used by the older blockchain_storage.
We also move the code to the calling blockchain level, to avoid
replicating the code in every DB implementation. This also makes
the get_random_out method obsolete, and we delete it.
Pros:
- smaller on the blockchain
- shorter integrated addresses
Cons:
- less sparseness
- less ability to embed actual information
The boolean argument to encrypt payment ids is now gone from the
RPC calls, since the decision is made based on the length of the
payment id passed.
A payment ID may be encrypted using the tx secret key and the
receiver's public view key. The receiver can decrypt it with
the tx public key and the receiver's secret view key.
Using integrated addresses now cause the payment IDs to be
encrypted. Payment IDs used manually are not encrypted by default,
but can be encrypted using the new 'encrypt_payment_id' field
in the transfer and transfer_split RPC calls. It is not possible
to use an encrypted payment ID by specifying a manual simplewallet
transfer/transfer_new command, though this is just a limitation
due to input parsing.
Bockchain:
1. Optim: Multi-thread long-hash computation when encountering groups of blocks.
2. Optim: Cache verified txs and return result from cache instead of re-checking whenever possible.
3. Optim: Preload output-keys when encoutering groups of blocks. Sort by amount and global-index before bulk querying database and multi-thread when possible.
4. Optim: Disable double spend check on block verification, double spend is already detected when trying to add blocks.
5. Optim: Multi-thread signature computation whenever possible.
6. Patch: Disable locking (recursive mutex) on called functions from check_tx_inputs which causes slowdowns (only seems to happen on ubuntu/VMs??? Reason: TBD)
7. Optim: Removed looped full-tx hash computation when retrieving transactions from pool (???).
8. Optim: Cache difficulty/timestamps (735 blocks) for next-difficulty calculations so that only 2 db reads per new block is needed when a new block arrives (instead of 1470 reads).
Berkeley-DB:
1. Fix: 32-bit data errors causing wrong output global indices and failure to send blocks to peers (etc).
2. Fix: Unable to pop blocks on reorganize due to transaction errors.
3. Patch: Large number of transaction aborts when running multi-threaded bulk queries.
4. Patch: Insufficient locks error when running full sync.
5. Patch: Incorrect db stats when returning from an immediate exit from "pop block" operation.
6. Optim: Add bulk queries to get output global indices.
7. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
8. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
9. Optim: Added thread-safe buffers used when multi-threading bulk queries.
10. Optim: Added support for nosync/write_nosync options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
11. Mod: Added checkpoint thread and auto-remove-logs option.
12. *Now usable on 32-bit systems like RPI2.
LMDB:
1. Optim: Added custom comparison for 256-bit key tables (minor speed-up, TBD: get actual effect)
2. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
3. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
4. Optim: Added support for sync/writemap options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
5. Mod: Auto resize to +1GB instead of multiplier x1.5
ETC:
1. Minor optimizations for slow-hash for ARM (RPI2). Incomplete.
2. Fix: 32-bit saturation bug when computing next difficulty on large blocks.
[PENDING ISSUES]
1. Berkely db has a very slow "pop-block" operation. This is very noticeable on the RPI2 as it sometimes takes > 10 MINUTES to pop a block during reorganization.
This does not happen very often however, most reorgs seem to take a few seconds but it possibly depends on the number of outputs present. TBD.
2. Berkeley db, possible bug "unable to allocate memory". TBD.
[NEW OPTIONS] (*Currently all enabled for testing purposes)
1. --fast-block-sync arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
a. 0 = Compute long hash per block (may take a while depending on CPU)
b. 1 = Skip long-hash and verify blocks based on embedded known good block hashes (faster, minimal CPU dependence)
2. --db-sync-mode arg=[[safe|fast|fastest]:[sync|async]:[nblocks_per_sync]] (default: fastest:async:1000)
a. safe = fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent) per stored block. Very slow, but safest option to protect against power-out/crash conditions.
b. fast/fastest = Enables asynchronous fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent). Useful for battery operated devices or STABLE systems with UPS and/or systems with battery backed write cache/solid state cache.
Fast - Write meta-data but defer data flush.
Fastest - Defer meta-data and data flush.
Sync - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync and wait.
Async - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync but do not wait for the operation to finish.
3. --prep-blocks-threads arg=[n] (default: 4 or system max threads, whichever is lower)
Max number of threads to use when computing long-hash in groups.
4. --show-time-stats arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
Show benchmark related time stats.
5. --db-auto-remove-logs arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
For berkeley-db only. Auto remove logs if enabled.
**Note: lmdb and berkeley-db have changes to the tables and are not compatible with official git head version.
At the moment, you need a full resync to use this optimized version.
[PERFORMANCE COMPARISON]
**Some figures are approximations only.
Using a baseline machine of an i7-2600K+SSD+(with full pow computation):
1. The optimized lmdb/blockhain core can process blocks up to 585K for ~1.25 hours + download time, so it usually takes 2.5 hours to sync the full chain.
2. The current head with memory can process blocks up to 585K for ~4.2 hours + download time, so it usually takes 5.5 hours to sync the full chain.
3. The current head with lmdb can process blocks up to 585K for ~32 hours + download time and usually takes 36 hours to sync the full chain.
Averate procesing times (with full pow computation):
lmdb-optimized:
1. tx_ave = 2.5 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 5.87 ms / block
memory-official-repo:
1. tx_ave = 8.85 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 19.68 ms / block
lmdb-official-repo (0f4a036437)
1. tx_ave = 47.8 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 64.2 ms / block
**Note: The following data denotes processing times only (does not include p2p download time)
lmdb-optimized processing times (with full pow computation):
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.25 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. Laptop, Dual-core / 4-threads U4200 (3Mb) - 4.90 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
3. Embedded, Quad-core / 4-threads Z3735F (2x1Mb) - 12.0 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
lmdb-optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 10 minutes processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with full pow computation)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.8 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. RPI2. Improved from estimated 3 months(???) into 2.5 days (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. RPI2. 12-15 hours (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
